نشریه بوطیقای معماری
پیاپی 5 (تابستان 1401)

Today's city, as an obvious effect of contemporary civilization, should think about something beyond the design of buildings and transportation networks, it is necessary to create spaces that match today's needs. In these spaces, a soul is searched for that gives meaning and variety to the city. Urban open spaces are the basis of communication and social interactions of citizens. The existence of these spaces is very effective and even necessary to prevent depression, isolation and violence. Recreational green spaces are one of the recreational spaces that can bring social vitality to cities as one of the urban spaces. In this article, by using theoretical studies, while expressing the concept of urban public spaces and the need to pay attention to them, the role of parks as an example of urban public spaces in promoting the social life of cities and relaxing Tehrani citizens and spatial development with a hierarchical analysis approach should be considered. The information required for this research is a combination of statistical, documentary, library, analytical and especially field methods obtained through the relevant departments, and ARC View and ARC GIS software were used for better statistical analysis. The findings of the research show that the following things are necessary in order to improve the green spaces of Tehran province: 1. Greater cooperation of the municipality to create green spaces in relation to the lands assigned to the municipality and to allocate unused, dilapidated or suitable places. Abandoning the creation and construction of green spaces; 2. Emphasis on encouraging policies and persuading residents to collect fine-grained parts or use excess density or change of use privilege in exchange for handing over a part of residential land for the construction of neighborhood and regional parks and green spaces; 3. Using public participation in the creation, preservation and maintenance of green spaces and 4. Compiling the comprehensive plan of green spaces.

Abstract Recently, the integration of biology and applied science has created new fields that are generalizations of evolutionary biology, such as evolutionary robotics, algorithm engineering, evolutionary economics, and architecture. Genealogy has aspects in common with phylogenetic systematics (often called claims or branching), where only phylogenetic trees are used to constrain the array and represent related lineage groups. In the system, phylogenetic analysis has become an essential tool for research on the evolutionary tree of life. In architecture, the application of evolution theory in the development of architectural types, especially in historical architecture and epistemological view, has a special place. The research method is descriptive which uses the tool of analysis of logical reasoning and case studies of Montgomery School. The findings of the research show that in relation to the biological comparison of evolution in nature and architecture, and of course with the material and biological approach, the Moratoria school was the first in Italy to discuss these issues in the form of a phylogenetic schema and He examined the basis of the theory of evolution. From the perspective of moratoria’s, history has a material identity, and on this basis, the main component of architectural history is considered to be a material object, and this object has physical and physical growth until it reaches its highest evolution period. The architect of the past has conveyed typological values in the concept of crystallization and has created a link between the past and the present through the concept of type and action based on it. This link has become a chain of interconnected links that has evolved throughout history, to which what is created in the present adds a link to it, and for the correct operation, its previous links must be He read that the starting point is such a base and its recognition is an important part of the work of Moratoria’s. The main body of their work is the reconstruction of the typological process on the horizontal axis of time. For this, three steps must be taken: 1. Choosing a place; 2. Selection of typological scale (region, city, texture, and building); 3. Taxonomic process (classification of the building, temporal expansion of the species, identification of the basic species, drawing of the growth of the species from simple to tissue evolution).

Functional planning of Iranian gardens as one of the potentials of sustainable development can increase the biological quality of the urban environment. As a result, the aim of the current research is to investigate the role of functional planning in creating sustainable buildings in Pahlavanpur garden in Mehriz, Yazd. The research method is developmental-applied in terms of type and in terms of method, it has nest to nest combination. First, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts and the components of functional planning and sustainability were extracted, and then a questionnaire with a Likert scale was designed based on that and randomly distributed among 384 people who referred to Pahlwanpur Mehriz Garden in Yazd. Atlasti software is used to extract components and SPSS is used for descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate that the highest type of correlation is between empowering buildings and knowing the place with a value of 0.995, and then efficiency with environmental comfort with a value of 0.895, and in general, the variable of the efficiency of buildings has the highest correlation with other variables, and the least is related to the outcome and environmental comfort. In general, the lowest is related to the outcome variable with other variables.

Probionic is a term used to refer to products that are not bionic or biomimetic. Maybe it is because marketing considerations have penetrated these areas. By researching internet sources and information collected over three decades, it seems that the word bionic is used as a marketing tool for probionic products. The history of bionic ideas and the confusing terminology associated with them (the term bionic was coined in 1901) is discussed in research, design, and marketing. The modern meaning of bionic or biomimetic refers to the period between 1800 and 1925 and its proponents Alessandro Volta (electric battery), "Otto Lilienthal" (flying device) and France (concepts). It was reinvented by Forrester and McCulloch around 1960. In Iran, this issue has expanded in the research. The term biomimetic is reminiscent of the term inspired by life; A term that includes everything from bionics to fashion design. However, most of the products that are known as biomimetic products only pretend to have such a principle and application, which is not the case in reality. For this type of products, the term pseudo-biomimetic or probionic is used. The findings of the research show that bionics may be one of the most important contributors in the field of new solutions of nature-based technologies and innovations, thus addressing some of the most important problems of humanity.

Considering the huge challenges of the effects caused by economic growth at the global level, the targeted development of sustainable innovation is an inevitable social responsibility. However, despite some progress, sustainability has not yet been incorporated into the development of large-scale production. Although bio-inspired innovations seem to offer solutions, the transfer of sustainability through the bio-inspiration process is only implicit, and the promise of bio-inspiration can only be realized through It is known as the traditional form. According to this situation, the concept of sustainability with biological model is determined by considering bio-inspiration and environmental sustainability and becomes fundamental by creating an integrated evaluation method. This concept shows the current link of sustainability assessment, which represents sustainability in construction and aspects of sustainability in biological systems. The basic evaluation structure is derived from biological systems that provide the necessary functions through the optimal use of scarce resources. Its application covers the entire development process of bio-inspired innovations, providing feedback and therefore support for decision-making with a focus on sustainability. The research method is logical reasoning and content analysis, which has the technical tools of library and document studies. Also, the basic evaluation structure of this research is the DGNB system, which seeks the principle of protecting areas that constitute natural social and cultural values. Research findings show that bio-inspired sustainability transmission is enhanced by targeted transmission and the promise of bio-inspiration to create environmentally sustainable and inspiring innovations. As it is expected that the evaluation method itself is bio-inspired, it is based on the characteristics of biological systems such as effectiveness, adaptability, multifunctionality and flexibility.

The basic elements in the curriculum planning of any field [including architecture], structure, content and methodology are in the field of "cognitive oriented to educational planning" categories, as in the structure of the field, the collection of information and facts is not important. Rather, it is "a precise way of thinking about information" and includes educational methods and models. Many people have a lot of information about the field, but they don't know how to think about it, and they don't actually follow a specific educational model. Therefore, it should be said that in the content of disciplines, including architecture, there are three issues: what are the constructivist learning models in the teaching of bionic architecture workshop skill courses, and what are the results of case evaluation? The "descriptive-analytical" research method and the analysis and evaluation of university professors' opinions based on the Delphi method and with interviews about the methods of teaching creativity and the optimal method of designing a constructivist workshop. Therefore, 50 university professors were questioned and after the interview, their opinions were analyzed in the form of factor analysis. The findings of the research show that among the methods and models of teaching creativity in bionic architecture, the method of "constructivist learning" met the maximum agreement of experts based on the Delphi method, and therefore it can be said that workshop training with the method Constructivist education will improve students' critical thinking and creative ability to solve problems, and participating in constructivist group activities under the supervision and guidance of professors will make people acquire a professional set of skills based on Creativity in bionic architecture becomes a workshop to look at the problem and then solve the design problem.